How The Flexibility Of Women During The Workplace Is A...

Upon evaluating that the flexibility of women in the workplace is a social and structural issue, research on various subjects such as history of women in the workforce, women’s rights, and equal opportunity should be key factors when determining them. Kathleen Christensen, recognized for her expertise on work-family issues and workplace flexibility states that flexibility of women in the workplace is a social and structural issue (sloan.org). Structural and Social issues as they pertain to flexibility of the women in the workplace needs to start with review of history. History has become a vital role in changing the workforce due to many analytical surveys being conducted showing that throughout history women have slowly progressed and history has shown that women have not had the same opportunities as their male counterparts. Social is of or pertaining to human society, especially as a body divided into classes according to status (dictionary.com) women in the workforce are t hought of as the secretaries, the nurses, or pediatricians if they are doctors, jobs that are administrative or of hospitality. Structure is a complex system considered from the point of view of the whole rather than of any single part, the structure of women in the workforce is not simple and must have a variety of factors. Factors that have an effect on flexibility are demographics, leaders, government, discrimination, sexism, and family to name a few. These factors all play a role in determining theShow MoreRelatedWomen s Equal Pay Act Of 19631454 Words   |  6 PagesLanza Rhet 120-22 Professor Turoff Word Count Rough Draft For the first time in history women had surpassed men in the paid labor force. Yet, instead of provoking an equality among the sexes, the figures play no statistical significance, as women still try to bridge the gap between their inequality among their male counterparts. One apparent setback for women in the workplace is their unequal payment, â€Å"Women workers are still paid less than men, currently about-three quarters of mens income if theyRead MoreThe Work Life Balance : An Integral Part Of The Human Resource Department Essay1558 Words   |  7 Pagesvarious economic, demographical, and cultural changes that have led to the rise in more women integration in the workplace, a number of couples working away from home, technological advancements, and the overriding need among many employees to have more flexibility at work. Such social and economic changes have subsequently led to the need for the companies to get involved in the family and individual issues of the employees. T he concept of Work-life balance refers to the concerted efforts by employeesRead MoreManaging Human Resources3882 Words   |  16 Pages | 05 | | 1.3 Assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in a company like Unilever. | 06 | Task 02 | 2.1 Explain in Unilever, how a model of flexibility might be applied in practice. | 07 | | 2.2 Discuss the types of flexibility which may be developed by the organization Unilever. | 07 | | 2.3 Assess the use of flexible working practices from both the employee and the employer perspective Unilever in this case. |Read MoreManaging Human Resources3895 Words   |  16 Pages| 05 | | 1.3 Assess the implications for line managers and employees of developing a strategic approach to HRM in a company like Unilever. | 06 | Task 02 | 2.1 Explain in Unilever, how a model of flexibility might be applied in practice. | 07 | | 2.2 Discuss the types of flexibility which may be developed by the organization Unilever. | 07 | | 2.3 Assess the use of flexible working practices from both the employee and the employer perspective Unilever in this case.Read MoreEssay on Diversification within American Organizations5630 Words   |  23 Pagescentury. This paper will examine diversification from four important issues facing today and future American corporations: Gender, Disability, Ethnicity, and Religion. The four issues are protected by Federal and State laws and enforce by Federal and State courts. Since Americans are comprised of individuals from various countries, and different ethnicities many organizations have begun to embrace diversification in the workplace. Diversification within American Organizations (GENDER) The studyRead MoreGender And Leadership : Big Girls Don t Cry Essay1756 Words   |  8 PagesWomen and Leadership Varied research explains that the emergence of gender-based behavior majorly relates to three factors, namely biological, cultural and social factors (McCarthey 2016; Traister, 2016). These research works further conclude that the study on gender and leadership has culminated into debates where women in the leadership position have either become more polarized or marginalized. Rebecca Traister in her book ‘Big Girls Don’t Cry,’ reflects on the dilemmas women encounter in leadershipRead More Paid Employment in the Home Essay3752 Words   |  16 PagesPaid Employment in the Home In her book The Second Shift, Arlie Hochschild describes how two-job married couples in the United States deal with the structural problem of the domestic work shift, i.e., that when both members of a marriage work outside of the home, the domestic work becomes an added burden to one or both of the members in addition to their outside jobs. Modern society has increased the work load of the family, thereby increasing tension in marriages and taking away time for leisureRead MoreGuest Model of Hr4241 Words   |  17 PagesThe CIPD (2003) HR survey identified HR issues as now being regularly discussed at executive boards and HR managers seeing their role as that of a strategic business partner, with the HR function now focused on achieving key business goals and developing employee capabilities. P1.2 - Compare the differences between storey’s definitions of HRM, Personnel and IR practices. Storey (1992) has established a theoretical model based on his perception of how organizations have  evolved from predominantRead MoreGender Inequality And The Civil Rights Act2099 Words   |  9 Pagesof dominance, leaving American women in a position of disadvantage in what should be an equally privileged setting. As a result, the issue continues to influence the existence of gender inequality, and with it being associated with the unequal pay rates, the issue remains to influence society still today. Prior to several women favoring laws, such as, the Women’s Rights Act, Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, The Equal Pay Act, Civil Rights Act, etc., women have been obligated to overcomeRead MoreArtificial Barrier Keeping Women From Climbing The Corporate Ladder3055 Words   |  13 PagesBarrier Keeping Women From Climbing the Corporate Ladder: Will They Ever Break Through? Introduction: While the corporate environment has significantly progressed in terms of incorporating women and minorities into the work face, the glass ceiling still poses a threat in the environment for women. Fortune magazine periodically ranks and publishes a list of America’s largest companies. Crampton (1999) reports that among the Fortune 50 companies, only 1.3% of corporate officers were women, while 1.7%

Adrienne Richs Essay Compulsory Heterosexuality and...

Yes and No Adrienne Rich attacks heterosexuality as â€Å"a political institution which disempowers women† in her 1980 essay Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence (Rich 23). What most see as a traditional way of life, Rich views as a societal mandate that serves as â€Å"a beachhead of male dominance,† (Rich 28). For a woman in Virginia Woolf’s time, â€Å"the one profession that was open to her [was] marriage,† and though females entered the public sphere as the 20th century progressed, â€Å"single women†¦are still viewed as deviant† and somewhat ostracized (Woolf 25 and Rich 30). Compulsory heterosexuality, Rich argues, is one of many institutions that historically and currently have allowed men to maintain a dominant societal†¦show more content†¦Under these tenets, colonialism may not be limited to imperialism, and a broader range of oppressive movements could be targeted and associated using Discourse on Colonialis m. Slavery in the United States and compulsory heterosexuality are parallel institutions of colonization because they are fundamentally based on an oppressor, who uses a fallacious ideology and is barbarized by colonization, and an oppressed, who is stifled and belittled for the benefit of others. Colonialism begins with the construction of a magnanimous, altruistic ideology that veils the true intentions of the oppressor. To ensure unanimous support for colonization, â€Å"the dealers in gobbledygook† will justify their actions as â€Å"a philanthropic enterprise, a project undertaken for the greater glory of God [or] an attempt to extend the rule of law,† (Cà ©saire 54, 32). American ideology adopted several of these positions during slavery, as owners referred to various Bible passages to prove â€Å"slavery was authorized by the Almighty,† but the most prevalent justification of obligatory servitude was the ‘scientific’ confirmation of African biological inferiority (Hopkins). In the middle of the 19th century, Dr. James Hunt reported, â€Å"[Africans] are notShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Film Crossing The Borderlands Of Sexuality And Gender 1067 Words   |  5 Pageslive in a culture who practices compulsory heterosex uality. This documentary is an extension of Adrienne Rich Idea on Compulsory Heterosexuality. In the reading by Adrienne Rich, Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence, we come to understand how heterosexuality is a political institution which is normalized through the media, law, politics, literature, and religion. While Rich in her essay focuses on how compulsory heterosexuality is devastating to the lesbian population. What this documentaryRead More Adrienne Rich Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pages The Poetry of Adrienne Rich nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Adrienne Rich was born in Baltimore, Maryland in the year of 1929. Rich grew up in a household as she describes it as † †¦white, middle-class, full of books, and with a father who encouraged her to write† (Daniel). Her father Arnold Rich was a doctor and a pathology professor and her mother, Helen Jones Rich , was a pianist and a composer. â€Å"Adrienne Rich recalls her growing-up years clearly dominated by the intellectual presence and demandsRead MoreLesbian Honesty: Reading Between the Lines1251 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein the critical essay â€Å"Lesbian Panic and Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein† (â€Å"Lesbian Panic†) by Frann Michel approaches Frankenstein from a gender perspective and applies Adrienne Rich’s lesbian continuum, the â€Å"Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence† where female relationships, mother-daughter/sisters/female friendships which all fall under the umbrella of lesb ian relations, to the relationships that are present in Frankenstein. Frann Michel clarifies through her essay that any work of literatureRead More Conflict between Individuality and Conformity in The Bell Jar2060 Words   |  9 Pagesformulating my topic, I have relied on Adrienne Richs book Of Woman Born, as well as Cathy Griggers essay Lesbian Bodies in the Age of (Post)mechanical Reproduction. Rich discusses the cultural institutionalization of motherhood, while Griggers brings a Feminist and Marxist perspective to the topic of lesbian body image in a capitalist, market-driven society. Both consider the effects of patriarchy and heterosexism in their treatment of the experience of lesbians in society. I found these texts to

General Intelgency Nurture Theory of Psychology

Question: Explain the concept of nature and nurture and how it is a debate; consider with examples how it might be used to explain child development. Answer: The debate relating nature and nurture theory of psychology has been ongoing for a fair amount of time and is concerned with the fact that which particular aspect of the human behavior is a product regarding the inherited that is the genetic or the acquired that is the learned characteristics. These two aspects are considered important in case development of a child in terms of his behavioral and psychological aspects (Archard 2014). Figure 1: Approach to psychology through the aspect of Nature and Nurture theory, Source: (Archard 2014) With respect to the current context, it can be said that one of the oldest arguments of psychology is considered as the controversy regarding the nature and nurture theory of psychology (Bornstein and Bradley 2014). Each of these above-mentioned two aspects has both the positive and negative sides as well. the main controversy is related to the fact that whether the development of a child is predisposed in his DNA, which is acquired through his or parents or the majority of his characteristics is influenced by the real life experiences according to his her surrounding environment (Eagly and Wood 2013). Nature and nurture refer to the innate qualities of an individual in comparison to his personal experiences. This brings about the individual differences in case of the behavioral traits. It is a debate that has been continuing in the developmental sciences, emerging from the research findings and theoretical perspectives in the fields of education, neuroscience, sociology and psychology. Nature and nurture are a complimentary and conflicting dialogue with an immense underlying principle of extremely dynamic and complex interaction that occurs between the environmental influences ad biological factors, related to child development (Golombok et al. 2014). The developmental pathways and human mind do not follow a fixed effect and cause pattern. Instead, the developmental transformations are regarded as unpredictable as the environment initiates the processes of neurobiology and the child as per his individuality interprets them. These transformations result as a complex interrelation of process, substance and time and occurs a dynamic play between the environmental experience and gene action that continues as long as the child lives. The effects of these two factors are most prominent in the earliest years of the life of the child when the brain growth takes place at its peak velocity (Gottlieb 2014). The predisposition of the child to learn and brains plasticity are shaped by the stimulation of emotional, cultural, cognitive and social nature and the environmental influences for the creation of new pathways for development and learning. The debate of nature versus nurture is applied as a mean for describing the differences that occur during development of a child. Nature is the hereditary or biological information that shapes the learning and development of the child whereas nurture refers to the everyday interactions the child faces in their environment. Based on the individual differences in the development of a child, it can be said that characteristics and heredity of a child remain stable throughout his life whereas the experiences of early life of the child shape the future behavior patterns. However, new experiences bring a change in behavior. Caregivers and parents are often of the opinion that child development is largely dependent on nature. That is the reason they provide children with various activities for stimulating the change (Gross 2015). If they were of the belief that nurture and not nature is responsible for child development, they would have provided the activities for stimulation at a much earl ier age. In addition, they would have cared to provide the child with high quality experiences for ensuring a better adulthood for him. Another phenomenon which is observed that there are certain characteristics which are not observed at the time of birth of a particular child but they tend to emerge later in their life. These properties are often categorized as the product of maturation. The reason behind this type of phenomenon is that every individual has a particular inner biological clock (Slee and Shute 2014). Which stitches on and off with respect to certain behavioral aspects. A classic example of such phenomenon is the typical physical development or the bodily changes, which occur at the time of early adolescent or puberty. There are also some arguments that maturation actually governs the fact of emergence regarding attachment of infancy, cognitive development and the language acquisition as well (Harold et al. 2013). Nature or the genetics is to be proven as one of the reasons, which affect the development of the mental health of an individual. In many cases, at the development stage of a child, diseases like schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar syndrome may occur. However, it can also be said that there is certain importance of the genetic factors regarding the mental illness and its development in the case of children. If one twin develops the event of schizophrenia, then there is a fifty percent of a chance that the second twin will also develop the same. This phenomenon states the importance and contributing part of nature (Horowitz 2014). In recent times, with respect to the current context, it is proposed that the nature and nurture do not independently in case of development of a child. It is suggested that both the nature and nurture are essential in case of development of particular set behavioral characteristics. It is also suggested that it is almost impossible to state that whether a particular behavior is a result of genetics or the effect of the surrounding environment (Magnusson 2015). In recent years, there has been an enormous amount of advances in the field of genetics. For example, The Human Genome project is considered to be one of the most important aspects for the purpose of tracing down the behavior and properties of particular regions of DNA located in specific chromosomes as well (Kan et al. 2013). A recent study on the particular hereditary and problems regarding the alcoholism indicated that adopted child with the presence of alcoholic parents are four times more likely to become alcoholic than the scenario where their presence are not alcoholic (Seligman and Csikszentmihalyi 2014). New findings also suggest that there is some relatedness in terms of genetics. In terms of nurture, it is meant that the environment and people surrounding the child. This may affect heavily on the mind set and development of a particular child. In many cases, the adult individuals possess many diseases in term of psychological aspect. From taking examples of such phenomenon, it can be said that the nurture aspect also effects heavily in terms of the development of a particular child (Lemer and Lemer 2013). Researchers in the current context have stated that nature and nurture both concur that the linkage between the behavior and the gene is not always the same as the cause and the effect. It is observed that a gene may sometimes increase the likelihood of to behave a particular child in a certain manner but it do not influence a child to do or act in a particular manner (Shaffer and Kipp 2013). As a result, it can be said that the child actually still possesses the choice of what he or she wants to be or wants to act. Some of the social scientists also stated that the interaction of a child with both the nature and nurture play an important role in that particular child's life and effect the life of that particular child's in such a manner that it will impact on the characteristics when he or she is full grown (Stemberg and Stemberg 2015). These proper environments not only consist the child's symbolic and social setting but also of the natural environments as well. Another who should be included in the conclusion is that the intermediary heritability of a child always shapes the traits through both the environment and the genetic depositions as a child develops with respect to age. It can be said that all nature depends on the nurture and the process is vice versa as well as both of them exist and coexist with each other. References Archard, D., 2014.Children: Rights and childhood. Routledge. Bornstein, M.H. and Bradley, R.H. eds., 2014.Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child development. Routledge. Eagly, A.H. and Wood, W., 2013. The naturenurture debates 25 years of challenges in understanding the psychology of gender.Perspectives on Psychological Science,8(3), pp.340-357. Golombok, S., Mellish, L., Jennings, S., Casey, P., Tasker, F. and Lamb, M.E., 2014. Adoptive gay father families: Parentchild relationships and children's psychological adjustment.Child Development,85(2), pp.456-468. Gottlieb, G., 2014.Synthesizing nature-nurture: Prenatal roots of instinctive behavior. Psychology Press. Gross, R., 2015.Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour 7th Edition. Hodder Education. Harold, G.T., Leve, L.D., Elam, K.K., Thapar, A., Neiderhiser, J.M., Natsuaki, M.N., Shaw, D.S. and Reiss, D., 2013. The nature of nurture: Disentangling passive genotypeenvironment correlation from family relationship influences on children's externalizing problems.Journal of Family Psychology,27(1), p.12. Horowitz, F.D., 2014.Exploring developmental theories: Toward a structural/behavioral model of development. Psychology Press. Kan, K.J., Wicherts, J.M., Dolan, C.V. and van der Maas, H.L., 2013. On the nature and nurture of intelligence and specific cognitive abilities the more heritable, the more culture dependent.Psychological science, p.0956797613493292. Lerner, R.M. and Lerner, J.V., 2013.Developmental psychology(pp. 624-631). Springer Netherlands. Magnusson, D., 2015.Individual Development from an Interactional Perspective (Psychology Revivals): A Longitudinal Study. Psychology Press. Seligman, M.E. and Csikszentmihalyi, M., 2014.Positive psychology: An introduction(pp. 279-298). Springer Netherlands. Shaffer, D. and Kipp, K., 2013.Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence. Cengage Learning. Slee, P.T. and Shute, R., 2014.Child Development: Thinking About Theories Texts in Developmental Psychology. Routledge. Sternberg, R.J. and Sternberg, K., 2015.Cognitive psychology. Nelson Education.